This means you can do pretty much anything you want, but you need to use sudo to elevate permissions temporarily when you want to do something that requires root permission, such as writing to system directories of which your user is not the owner. In Ubuntu, the user you create during installation is a user with rights to run all commands using the sudo program. Let's start with the fields permission, user, and group.We will focus on the first field (file permissions). In some Linux distros, you are root by default and have to set up other users (because being root is bad practice for security reasons) yourself. However, both Kali Linux and Parrot OS provide learners with a bunch of tools they can make use To get the file, we will use this command: cp /etc/shadow. The output of the command ls -l indicates whether it is a file (-) or directory (d), the permissions of the file/directory (rw-rw-r-), the following field (indicates the number of files/directories) user and group to which it belongs (parrot hackers), size (0), last modification date (Oct 16 12:32) and name (file.txt and scripts).
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